The McDonnell Douglas MD-11 trijet has a troubled history of hull loss accidents since its entry into service in the 1990s.
This aircraft type suffered a total of 11 hull-loss accidents, representing around 5% of the original fleet of 200 aircraft.
While this rate is not unacceptable for older aircraft from the 1960s or 1970s, it is poor compared to modern designs such as the Boeing 777, 747-400, Airbus A330, and A340.
The MD-11's design changes aimed at increasing fuel efficiency and aerodynamic performance reduced its tolerance, making it more prone to accidents.
In contrast, newer aircraft like the Airbus A350 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner have much lower hull loss rates due to advances in technology and design.
Despite being removed from service as a cargo airliner, the MD-11's days are numbered, and its removal will close a checkered record.
The aircraft's poor safety record is also attributed to its origins in the earlier DC-10, which led to a series of design changes that reduced pilot tolerance.
Historical factors such as pilot error and equipment malfunctions have contributed to the MD-11's high rate of hull losses.
The removal of the MD-11 from service will mark the end of an era for this troubled aircraft type.
The MD-11's poor safety record is a result of its design and development, which prioritized fuel efficiency over pilot tolerance.
